TABLE OF CONTENTS FOR THE “THERMODYNAMICS” HANDBOOK CD

HEAT TRANSFER

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TERMINOLOGY

Heat and Temperature

Heat and Work

Modes of Transferring Heat

Heat Flux

Thermal Conductivity

Log Mean Temperature Difference

Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient

Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient

Bulk Temperature

 

CONDUCTION HEAT TRANSFER

Conduction

Conduction-Rectangular Coordinates

Equivalent Resistance Method

Electrical Analogy

Conduction-Cylindrical Coordinates

 

CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER

Convection

Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient

Convection Heat Transfer

 

RADIANT HEAT TRANSFER

Thermal Radiation

Black Body Radiation

Emissivity

Radiation Configuration Factor

 

HEAT EXCHANGERS

Heat Exchangers

Parallel and Counter-Flow Designs

Non-Regenerative Heat Exchanger

Regenerative Heat Exchanger

Cooling Towers

Log Mean Temperature Difference Application to Heat Exchangers

Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient

 

BOILING HEAT TRANSFER

Boiling

Nucleate Boiling

Bulk Boiling

Film Boiling

Departure from Nucleate Boiling and Critical Heat Flux

 

HEAT GENERATION

Heat Generation

Flux Profiles

Thermal Limits

Average Linear Power Density

Maximum Local Linear Power Density

Temperature Profiles

Volumetric Thermal Source Strength

Fuel Changes During Reactor Operation

 

DECAY HEAT

Reactor Decay Heat Production

Calculation of Decay heat

Decay Heat Limits

Decay Heat Removal

 

LIST OF FIGURES

Conduction Through a Slab

Equivalent Resistance

Cross-sectional Surface Area of a Cylindrical Pipe

Composite Cylindrical Layers

Pipe Insulation Problem

Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient

Combined Heat Transfer

Typical Tube and Shell Heat Exchanger

Fluid Flow Direction

Heat Exchanger Temperature Profiles

Non-Regenerative Heat Exchanger

Regenerative Heat Exchanger

Boiling Heat Transfer Curve

Axial Flux Profile

Radial Flux Profile

Axial Temperature Profile

Radial Temperature Profile Across a Fuel Rod and Heat Transfer

FLUID FLOW

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CONTINUITY EQUATION

Introduction

Properties of Fluids

Buoyancy

Compressibility

Relationship Between Depth and Pressure

Pascal’s Law

Control Volume

Volumetric Flow Rate

Mass Flow Rate

Conservation of Mass

Steady-State Flow

Continuity Equation

 

LAMINAR AND TURBULENT FLOW

Flow Regimes

Laminar Flow

Turbulent Flow

Flow Velocity Profiles

Average (Bulk) Velocity

Viscosity

Ideal Fluid

Reynolds Number

 

BERNOULLI’S EQUATION

General Energy Equation

Simplified Bernoulli Equation

Head

Energy Conversions in Fluid Systems

Restrictions on the Simplified Bernoulli Equation

Extended Bernoulli

Application of Bernoulli’s Equation to a Venturi

 

HEAD LOSS

Head Loss

Friction Factor

Darcy’s Equation

Minor Losses

Equivalent Piping Length

NATURAL CIRCULATION

Forced and Natural Circulation

Thermal Driving Head

Conditions Required for Natural Circulation

Example of Natural Circulation Cooling

Flow Rate and Temperature Difference

 

TWO-PHASE FLUID FLOW

Two-Phase Fluid Flow

Flow Instability

Pipe Whip

Water Hammer

Pressure spike

Steam Hammer

Operational Considerations

 

CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS

Energy Conversion in a Centrifugal Pump

Operating Characteristics of a Centrifugal Pump

Cavitation

Net Positive Suction Head

Pump Laws

System Characteristic Curve

System Operating Point

System Use of Multiple Centrifugal Pumps

Centrifugal Pumps in Parallel

Centrifugal Pumps in Series

 

APPENDIX B

Fluid Flow

 

LIST OF FIGURES

Pressure Versus Depth

Pascal’s Law

Continuity Equation

"Y" Configuration for Example Problem

Laminar and Turbulent Flow Velocity Profiles

Venturi Meter

Typical Centrifugal Pump Characteristic Curve

Changing Speeds for Centrifugal Pump

Typical System Head Loss Curve

Operating Point for a Centrifugal Pump

Pump Characteristic Curve for Two Identical Centrifugal Pumps Used in Parallel

Operating Point for Two Parallel Centrifugal Pumps

Pump Characteristic Curve for Two Identical Centrifugal Pumps Used in Series

Operating Point for Two Centrifugal Pumps in Series

Moody Chart

THERMODYNAMICS

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THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES

Mass and Weight

Specific Volume

Density

Specific Gravity

Humidity

Intensive and Extensive Properties

 

TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS

Temperature

Temperature Scales

Pressure

Pressure Scales

 

ENERGY, WORK, AND HEAT

Energy

Potential Energy

Kinetic Energy

Specific Internal Energy

Specific P-V Energy

Specific Enthalpy

Work

Heat

Entropy

Energy and Power Equivalences

 

THERMODYNAMIC SYSTEMS AND PROCESSES

Thermodynamic Systems and Surroundings

Types of Thermodynamic Systems

Thermodynamic Equilibrium

Control Volume

Steady State

Thermodynamic Process

Cyclic Process

Reversible Process

Irreversible Process

Adiabatic Process

Isentropic Process

Polytropic Process

Throttling Process

 

CHANGE OF PHASE

Classification of Properties

Saturation

Saturated and Subcooled Liquids

Quality

Moisture Content

Saturated and Superheated Vapors

Constant Pressure Heat Addition

Critical Point

Fusion

Sublimation

Triple Point

Condensation

 

PROPERTY DIAGRAMS AND STEAM TABLES

Property Diagrams

Pressure-Temperature (P-T)

Pressure-Specific Volume (P-v)

Pressure-Enthalpy (P-h)

Enthalpy-Temperature (h-T) Temperature-Entropy (T-s)

Enthalpy-Entropy (h-s) or Mollier

Steam Tables

 

FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

First Law of Thermodynamics

 

SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Entropy

Carnot’s Principle

Carnot Cycle

Diagrams of Ideal and Real Processes

Power Plant Components

Heat Rejection

Typical Steam Cycle

Causes of Inefficiency

 

COMPRESSION PROCESSES

Boyle’s and Charles’ Laws

Ideal Gas Law

Fluid

Compressibility of Fluids

Constant Pressure Process

Constant Volume Process

Effects of Pressure Changes on Fluid Properties

Effects of Temperature Changes on Fluid Properties

 

LIST OF FIGURES

Comparison of Temperature Scales

Pressure Relationships

Intensive Properties

Piston-Cylinder Arrangement

Vapor Pressure Curve

T-V Diagram Showing the Saturation Region

T-V Diagram

Pressure-Temperature Diagram

P-T Diagram for Water

 P-v Diagram for Water

P-h Diagram for Water

h-T Diagram for Water

T-s Diagram for Water

First Law of Thermodynamics

Control Volume Concepts

Open System Control Volumes

Open System Control Volumes (Cont)

Multiple Control Volumes in Same System

T-s Diagram with Rankine Cycles

Typical Steam Plant Cycle

Carnot Cycle Representation

Real Process Cycle Compared to Carnot Cycle

Control Volume for Second Law Analysis

Expansion and Compression Processes on T-s Diagram

Expansion and Compression Processes on h-s Diagram

Steam Cycle

Comparison of Ideal and Actual Turbine Performances

Carnot Cycle

Carnot Cycle vs. Typical Power Cycle Available Energy

Ideal Carnot Cycle

Rankine Cycle

Rankine Cycle with Real vs. Ideal

Rankine Cycle Efficiencies T-s

h-s Diagram

Typical Steam Cycle

Steam Cycle (Ideal)

Steam Cycle (Real)

Mollier Diagram

Ideal Gas Constant Values

Pressure-Volume Diagram

Mollier Diagram

Sample Steam Tables

Thermodynamic Properties of Mercury

Thermodynamic Properties of CO2